What it is made of

Steel, wood and leather

Damascus, high-carbon and stainless compared — and the woods, horn and leather that finish them.

4 min read

Three steels, several woods, one leather. Knowing which is which is most of the buying decision, and none of it is complicated.

The three steels

Damascus

Two or more steels forge-welded, folded, drawn and etched so the layers surface. The pattern follows how that billet moved under the hammer.

Edge
Good
Corrosion
Will rust
Cost
Highest
Best for
Collecting, gifts, display
High-carbon

A single steel, heat-treated for performance rather than appearance. Plainer to look at, and in most respects the better working material.

Edge
Excellent
Corrosion
Will rust
Cost
Middle
Best for
Field, camp, kitchen
Stainless

Chromium in the alloy resists corrosion. Easier to live with in humid or coastal air, at some cost to edge retention.

Edge
Fair
Corrosion
Resistant
Cost
Lowest
Best for
Display in humid rooms

Hardness, and why higher is not better

Hardness is measured on the Rockwell C scale. A blade at 62 HRC holds an edge a long time and chips when abused. The same blade at 54 HRC dents instead of chipping but dulls faster. The useful band sits in between — and that is where ours sit.

Handle woods

AshStraight-grained and springy. Absorbs shock. The traditional haft.
BirchPale, fine-grained, light. Common on Norse patterns.
RosewoodDense and dark. Heavier, more decorative, excellent on display pieces.
WalnutMid-weight, warm brown, stable. A good middle ground.
OliveStrong figure and colour variation. No two alike.

Denser woods look better and transmit more shock. Ash and birch are kinder over a long session.

Horn, bone and leather

Horn and bone

Stag horn, buffalo horn and camel bone appear on many knife handles. All natural, so colour and figure vary between pieces — the photograph shows a representative example, not an exact twin. Stable indoors, unhappy soaked.

Leather

Vegetable-tanned, cut, wet-formed to the blade and stitched. Slower than chrome tanning, and it produces leather that stiffens to shape and develops a patina rather than staying uniform.

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